Syllabus Map

• Study map: Syllabus Study Map

Core Idea

• Random variables map outcomes to values.
• Expectation is the average outcome; variance measures spread.

Key Formulas

Why This Matters for ML

• Loss minimization is usually expectation minimization under unknown data distributions.
• Variance quantifies uncertainty and instability in model predictions and estimates.
• Evaluation metrics across folds/runs are interpreted through expectation/variance behavior.
• These concepts underpin risk, uncertainty, and robust model comparison.